11 London Square

London Square

London Square recalls Great Britain's role in the American Civil War. England was our greatest trading partner and cotton was the currency. Many in England supported the emerging Confederacy with its crop that was so vital to the English economy.

 

 

Fanny Kemble

painted by Thomas Sully

Among the English who were horrified by the thought of a new independent slave-based nation was actress Fanny Kemble. Through her writing she changed attitudes and the course of the American Civil War.

Fanny about the time of the Civil War

Frances Anne Kemble was born into a prominent theatrical family in London and became an American celebrity during a tour in the 1830s. Beautiful, bright and spirited, she fell in love with Pierce Butler, a member of a powerful and wealthy Southern family, temporarily living in Philadelphia.

The Butler rice plantations were in the Georgia delta

of the Altamaha River on St. Simon's Island and nearby islands.

 See the darker yellow square for Butler's Island south of Darien.

After their marriage, she accompanied him home to his Georgia rice plantations where she discovered the enormous Butler fortune was based on slavery, a system she could not accept. While there, she kept a detailed journal in the form of letters, recording slavery's horrible human toll.

"The Nursery" on Hilton Head Island in 1862 or 63.

Library of Congress

Fanny's accounts include much about motherhood in slavery.

The Butler's marriage suffered from Fanny's attitudes about slavery and a woman's place, as well as from Pierce's neglect and bullying. In 1849 they obtained a very public divorce in which Fanny lost custody of her daughters and gained a national reputation as a scandalous woman.

Pierce Butler at the time of the divorce, 1849

When the Civil War broke out she was back in England, distressed to find British politicians favoring the South. The Confederacy hoped to win British recognition, a diplomatic gesture that would go a long way to establishing its legitimacy as a nation rather than as a mere rebellious region.

Fanny realized she could use both her fame as an actress and her skill as a writer to convince the English that the Southern cause was wrong. 

"I have sometimes been haunted with the idea that it was an imperative duty, knowing what I know, and having seen what I have seen, to do all that lies in my power to show the dangers and the evils of this frightful institution." 

She published her Journal of a Residence on a Georgia Plantation in London in 1863. The shocking book changed public opinion, influencing England to remain neutral during the War.

London Square by Becky Brown

London Square is a variation of the popular late-19th-century design also called Ocean Waves. (See #3163 in BlockBase.) The name was published by the Famous Features syndicate in the mid 20th century. We can use it to recall Fanny Kemble's courageous and clever move to shape public opinion.

Cutting an 8" Finished Block

A - Cut a dark square and a medium square 6-7/8". Cut each in half with a single diagonal cut. You need one dark and one medium triangle.

B - Cut 4 light, 2 dark and 2 medium squares 2-7/8". Cut each in half with a single diagonal cut. You need 7 light, 4 dark and 3 medium triangles.

While you sew you can watch a dramatization of Fanny Kemble's marriage. Enslavement: The True Story of Fanny Kemble was released in 2000 starring Jane Seymour as Fanny and Keith Carradine as one of the top ten bad husbands ever. Click here to read more:

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0236195/

Read  Journal of a Residence on a Georgia Plantation in London at Google Books.

Click here:

http://books.google.com/books?id=K3ZCAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=journal+residence+georgia+plantation&hl=en&ei=5x0yTbC5GYb3gAfZ4Pm2Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false

But beware: Fanny did not pull any punches in describing the horrors of slavery in these letters. It is not a pleasant read.