Hospital Sketches #4: Cockscombs & Currants - Field Hospitals

 #4 Cockscombs & Currants by Becky Brown

Cockscombs & Currants recalls the Union field hospitals,in particular those established after the Battle of Antietem. Smoketown Hospital was laid out after a 12-hour battle on Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland. September 17, 1862 is considered the worst day for casualties in an American war when 23,000 soldiers were wounded, captured or killed, carnage impossible to grasp.

Field hospital of tents, September, 1862

Smoketown Hospital, literally a hospital in a field, cared for

500 patients some staying into the winter.

The woman in the tent ward is probably Maria Hall.

Maria M. C. Hall Richards (1836-1912). 

Photo from the Brady Studios. Library of Congress

Cockscombs & Currants by Marty Wesbster

Smoketown was one of over a hundred hospitals in the Sharpsburg neighborhood treating wounded after Antietam. 

Philip and Elizabeth Pry's house was seized for General McClellan's headquarters and a hospital for officers. Some enlisted men were treated in their barn. See a post on the Pry House Hospital here:

http://civilwarquilts.blogspot.com/2019/02/pry-family-quilt-linked-to-antietam.html

Smith's Barn near Keedysville was used as a hospital..

Alexander Gardner Photograph. Library of Congress

Churches, barns and pastures were set up as make-shift treatment centers and morgues with post-battle medical treatment adding to the disaster. Medical Inspector W.R. Mosely deplored conditions:

"All the churches used for hospitals in Sharpsburg are in a dilapidated condition, and filthy, and unfit for the purpose for which they are used....a spectacle of misery and poverty.” One exception: Locust Spring hospital with 24 beds and comfortable bedding: “straw in good sacks, with sheets, quilts, and blankets placed on bedsteads.”

Union surgeon Anson Hurd of Indiana treating 

Confederate wounded in makeshift tents behind the Smith's barn.

Alexander Gardner Photograph. Library of Congress

Getting supplies to the hospitals was a nightmare in that first full year of war. The Sanitary Commission and smaller organizations would become more efficient as war dragged on but agents bungled transportation and disbursement after Antietam. Concerned families responded to the horror stories by sending volunteers from individual states to the front with supplies.

Cockscombs & Currants by Bettina Havig

Harriet Hope Agnes Bacon Eaton (1818-1885)

The Maine Camp Hospital Association hired 42-year-old Harriet Bacon Eaton from Portland as their Relief Agent in the field. A widowed minister's wife with a son in the Maine volunteers, Eaton left two daughters with friends to act as nurse and provisioner, according to biographer Jane Schultz who edited her diary. Eaton described her supply work as differing "materially from that of a nurse in the Army."

This photo of two women in a flatboat after Antietam has been labeled a picnic,

a rather frivolous view of a lunch of hardtack. 

Is that Harriet Eaton on the left?

This enlargement of the Gardner photo is from John Banks's blog:

http://john-banks.blogspot.com/2014/03/antietam-up-close-study-in-contrasts.html

Eaton's diaries in the collection of the University of North Carolina have been recently published as

This Birth Place of Souls: The Civil War Nursing Diary of Harriet Eaton by Oxford University Press.

She was a great one for listing everything:

"Crackers, fish, pickles, currant shrub and rhubarb wine, apple sauce, blackberry cordial, blackberry preserves, current jelly, dried apples, a jar of raspberry preserves, one of shrub, a bottle of currant wine, soft crackers, farina, chocolate, one can chicken, one doz. combs..."

Cockscombs & Currants by Janet Perkins

Currant shrub (a vinegar-based drink?) and currant wine....

Improvements in the Union supply chain are shown in Eaton's second tour of duty in fall of 1864 when she camped out at City Point in Virginia. She described several quilt deliveries---some not to the patients---but to the doctors who seem to have favored Maine quilts and signed albums in particular.

In October she arranged a trade:  The doctors "begged so hard for album quilts that we finally gave them on condition that they made it up to us in blankets."

Capt. Plummer took a can of peaches, a can of tomatoes, two pillows and a quilt. "Capt. Fogler of the 20th...was highly delighted to receive a quilt marked with his wife's name...."  His wife was 

Caroline (Carrie) E. Hull Fogler (1838-1902) of  Union, Maine.

25-year-old Captain Prentiss Fogler (1838-1897)

 suffered from sunstroke at City Point.

November. "Uncle Richard came for a quilt for ....the new Medical Director. Maine has got a great name for quilts."

And it still does.

Quilt attributed to Cornelia M. Dow of Portland, Maine

during the Civil War.

The Block

The block was an applique fad in the 1850s.

This one with a variation of the vessel, vine and floral border

is dated 1852. Made by a woman named Dixon in Knox County, Illinois,

it's the earliest dated example I've found.

http://www.quiltindex.org/fulldisplay.php?kid=68-104-10D2

Published names include Flowering Almond, Poinsettia, Chestnut Berry, Oak Leaf, Grapes and Oak Leaf, Spray & Buds---in addition to Cockscombs and Currants.

See a post about the pattern's history here:

https://encyclopediaquiltpatterns.blogspot.com/2019/04/hospital-sketches-block-4-cockscombs.html

To Print:

Create a word file or a new empty JPG file.
Click on the image above.
Right click on it and save it to your file.
Print that file. Be sure the square is about 1" in size.

Cutting:
For the background cut a square 18-1/2".
Add seam allowances to the pattern pieces if you are doing traditional applique.

Addition

How many currants?

From a sampler in Julie Silber's Inventory

Subtraction

Cockscomb & Currants by Barbara Brackman

20 is quite fine.

Vintage block

1 Each of A, B, C & E

3 of F

1/2” Finished bias stem

Denniele added more dots.

I'm reminding us that hers finish to 9".

And then she decided the dark blue dot was too big

so a revision.

After the War

Maria Hall married Lucas Richards in 1872 and lived in Unionville, Connecticut, raising three children. She occasionally published memories of the Civil War, including a two-part article in the Springfield Republican in 1886. Long after she died in 1912 a memoir of nursing Tad Lincoln in the White House was published in the Delineator magazine in 1921.

Harriet Eaton also went back to New England. When she died in Hartford, Connecticut she was remembered with a two-sentence obituary only as the wife of her late husband. Unlike other matrons and nurses who published their memoirs she faded into woman's sphere.

Sampler attributed to North Carolina

Read more about the pattern here:

http://barbarabrackman.blogspot.com/2011/06/bird-in-cherry-tree.html

Block #4 has four-way symmetry so is not directional. It goes on the North/South axis.

Extra Reading:

This Birth Place of Souls: The Civil War Nursing Diary of Harriet Eaton. Ed. Jane E. Schultz. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

John Banks on Maria Hall:

http://john-banks.blogspot.com/2013/10/remembering-their-ancestor-civil-war.html

See a letter from Eaton published in the Portland Daily Press in 1863

https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83016025/1863-02-13/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1789&sort=date&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=4&words=Eaton+Harriet&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=harriet+eaton&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=3

Cockscombs & Currants by Kathryn Jones

Newark Album in the American Museum in Britain

The American Museum in Britain in Bath, England owns

an album quilt top with this image of Miss Liberty.

It's dated 1862 and she looks like she is fighting a war.

Twenty-five blocks include two American patriotic images.

(All their quilts are American)

This block looks more like a memorial block than an 

album signature block

"Henry L. Ketchum?

August 25th 1862

Newark NJ

He Giveth His Beloved sleep."

The photos on their website are large enough to read. 

Could that be Nancy L. Hitchens or Ketcham?

The patriotic image inclines one to think it is a soldier's memorial.

But Henry/Nancy has no rank or regiment.

Nearly every block is inked.

The website has excellent photos of some of the blocks.

The central block is beautifully embroidered and appliqued.

The Bible has a printed version of the 23rd Psalm

beginning with "The Lord is my shepherd" and ending with

"I will dwell in the house of the Lord forever."

From the online catalog:

"The central block is by far the finest. The Bible pages are printed with Psalm 23, with the page edges delineated by tight lines of embroidered stitches. Embroidery threads have been used to shape the appliquéd flowers, with the fuchsias above the Bible enhanced further by applied pieces of pink velvet."

"I laid me down and slept; I awakened

For the Lord sustained me.

July 2? 1862

Newark N.J.

William L Hitchens (?) Ketcham (?)"

Another Psalm

Another Ketcham?

"The theme of sleep is common to many blocks on this quilt top. Quotations from several sleep-related psalms, often used at funerals, suggest that this quilt was made to commemorate someone who had died. The date of 1862 on certain blocks and the inclusion of Lady Liberty holding the Union flag could imply that the deceased was a casualty of the Civil War – perhaps a soldier fighting for the Union or someone sympathetic to its goals."

William's block

The name on this one has bled so badly that it's difficult

to read in a photo. Could those words have to do with a soldier's

company?

At the top

"To a Friend from a friend."

Martha L. Conger's block has butterflies, a bird

and odd inscriptions:

"Martha L? or S? Conger

Newark.

New Jersey

Tired mother. 

Sweet Mother

B???? Sleep"

Interwoven basket signed Emily P.H.(?) Stackhouse

I did some cursory searching for these people in Newark with more success than usual. I found an Emily Stackhouse listed as a dressmaker with a shop at Quitman & Spruce in an 1875 directory. And William S. and Nancy L may indeed be Ketchams, married in 1839.

William & Nancy Estile Ketcham lived into the 1890s. They were members of the Fourth Presbyterian Church in Newark and buried in Mt. Pleasant Cemetery in Newark, as is Martha S. Conger (1834-1890), Emily P. Stackhouse (?-1914) and others mentioned on the quilt. 

Mt. Pleasant is a prestigious, large cemetery in Newark.

Amelia S. Taylor

Amelia Taylor (1818-?) is also at Mt. Pleasant 

Julia T. Marshall

Mrs.? Cornelia Putnam

Buried at Mt. Pleasant d. 1924

No inking on this block.

It certainly looks as if this was made for some deceased honoree but the graveyard information indicates that everybody I could find was hale and hearty in 1862 and lived another thirty or more years.

https://americanmuseum.org/object/album-quilt-top/