American Stars #6: The Peales & Destiny

 

American Stars #6

 Wheel of Destiny by Becky Brown

The Peale Family, about 1772 

Three generations by Charles Willson Peale

New York Historical Society

https://www.nyhistory.org/exhibit/peale-family

See a key below to the Peales in this portrait.

A fussy-cut stripe.

#6 Wheel of Destiny by Jeanne Arnieri

Wheel of Destiny was given that rather pompous name by the Farm Journal in the mid-20th-century but it's a good one for the Peales who achieved fame if not fortune through their inherited destiny as born visual artists.

England sent criminals to populate Australia and North America

The first of the family in America was Charles Peale (1709-ca.1750) who escaped destiny and execution in England for post office embezzlement with transportation to the Maryland colony, where he married Margaret Triggs (1709-1783) of Annapolis, pictured on the right in the family portrait above with a granddaughter in her lap. Margaret and Charles had five children before he left her a widow to make a living as a seamstress. Margaret tried apprenticing her three boys to masters who might teach them a practical trade but they all became artists.

1822 Self Portrait in his Philadelphia gallery 

(detail) by Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827) 

Philadelphia Museum of Art

Her eldest Charles became quite successful as a painter, naturalist, entrepreneur and pater familius. With two wives he had 17 children, several of whom became artists, entrepreneurs and naturalists themselves. Charles counted on hereditary artistic talent and a rich environment in raising his children to be exceptional. He also aimed them high by naming them after famous artists.

The Staircase Group

Philadelphia Museum of Art

https://philamuseum.org/collection/object/102998

In 1795 Charles assembled this 7-foot painting/sculpture showing Titian and

Raphaelle holding a palette.

1801 Portrait of Rubens Peale ( 1784-1865) by 

Brother Rembrandt Peale (1778-1860)

National Gallery of Art

(I believe if I could have one famous painting

 hanging in my hall it would be this one--- well maybe the Staircase Group too.)

Titian Ramsey Peale ( 1799-1885) by His Father

Titian used his artistic talent as a scientific illustrator on expeditions to Florida, the Rocky Mountains, Colombia and the South Seas

Sandhill cranes in the Great Plains, painted during

Stephen H. Long’s 1819-20 Rocky Mountain expedition

Watercolor showing displays at Peale's Philadelphia Museum

Painting miniatures and portraits could give one a measure of fame but the Peales' main celebrity came in the area of public entertainment. They were innovators in the idea of museums.

Peale's Philadelphia Museum originated in the building we

call Independence Hall in 1784.

Library Company of Philadelphia

The Arcade was one of the incarnations of Peale's Philadelphia Museum, which lasted until 1854 when the collections were sold. In 1797 sons Raphaelle and Rubens traveled to Charleston, South Carolina to open a museum, an unsuccessful plan. Rubens managed the Philadelphia Museum until 1825 when he opened a branch in New York City on Broadway.

In 1845 the name was changed to New York Museum of Natural History and Science (unrelated to today's American Museum of Natural History.)

The building created for Baltimore's Peale's Museum still stands.

Rembrandt Peale opened Peale's Baltimore Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts in 1814. 

Family art was a feature in the Peale museums but they included natural history exhibits and huge attractions like a mastodon skeleton Charles had excavated in 1801 in New York.

Exhumation of the Mastodon by Charles Willson Peale, 1806

 Maryland Historical Society

The Mastodon painting includes a Peale Family Portrait in center right.

Charles on the left. See a key to the 1806 portrait below.

In the rear under the parasol is daughter Sophonisba Peale talking with her

husband Coleman Sellers.

Sophonisba Angusciola Peale Sellers (1786–1859)

Detail of a Miniature on Ivory by her father Charles Willson Peale.

 Before photography, miniature portraits were a popular 

way of preserving a likeness. Many Peale men and women

 made a living painting miniatures.

Self-portrait of the first Sophonisba Angusciola (1532-1665)

Sophonisba, named for a 17th-century Italian artist, learned painting and ornithology as a girl, preparing birds for display in the Philadelphia museum and probably painting nature studies, of which none survive. The only known existing art by her is a magnificent patchwork quilt in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

Philadelphia Museum of Art

Quilt attributed to Sophonisba A. Peale Sellers

Gift of Mrs. Horace Wells Sellers, 1935

https://www.philamuseum.org/collection/object/108225

The donor Cora Wells Sellars (1869-1960) was married to Sophonisba's grandson Horace Sellars,
Philadelphia architect and engineer.

Horace's obituary recalls his grandfather's family but

not the Peales.

The donor thought the quilt might date to the 1850s

but the fabrics and medallion format indicate an 

earlier date of 1825-1840.

Sophonisba's quilt has been inspirational.

Sophonisba's Star by Carol Gilham Jones

Sheryl A. Low

Small version made for an American Quilt Study Group

study project.

The Block

The frame is necessary to fit the block full of

diagonals on an 8-1/2" x 11" sheet.

Print the pattern on an 8-1/2 x11" sheet of paper. Note the inch square block for scale.

#6 Wheel of Destiny by Denniele Bohannon

Later Generations

1839 advertisement

Sophonisba married engineer Coleman Sellers (1781-1834) in 1805 and gave birth to six children. Coleman owned a Philadelphia factory that built locomotives and fire engines.

Kinematoscope Gallery

Their son Coleman II was also an engineer and inventor. One invention was the Kinematoscope, a mechanical flip book that became a form of public entertainment.

Another family branch winds up in odd places. Raphaelle and Martha McGlather Peale had a son named Rueben (1808-1891) who used his artistic talent to make a living as a "coach painter" according to the 1860 Philadelphia census just before the Civil War. At 56 he enlisted in the 91st Philadelphia Infantry. Two years later he was discharged with a disability at the end of the war. 

Reuben II was one Peale who looked west of Philadelphia. After the war he lived in Wauwautosa, Wisconsin, North Platte, Nebraska and lastly in Laramie, Wyoming. While in North Platte and Laramie he was employed by the Union Pacific railroad to paint railroad cars which were quite decorative at the time.

Reproduction mid-19th-c railroad car with painted decoration.

One of his children with wife Julia was Edmund (1842-1901) whose son Ohio-born Charles Clifford Peale (1870-1955) became a minister. This Charles Peale had a son born in Ohio near the end of the century who also became a minister.

 Norman Vincent Peale (1898-1993)

This Peale descendant made a fortune from his best-selling book

The Power of Positive Thinking, a religious/psychology blend,

and from his periodical Guideposts.

Charles Willson Peale's great, great, great, great grandson.

Keys to the family portraits

Key to Charles Willson Peale's 1772 Family Portrait

1 Brother St George Peale
2 Artist Charles Willson Peale
3 Brother James Peale

4 Sister Margaret Jane Peale Ramsey
5 Daughter Margaret Van Bordley Peale
6 Wife Rachel Brewer Peale
7 Family Nurse Margaret Durgan
8 Daughter Eleanor born 1772
9 Sister Elizabeth Digby Peale Polk
10 Mother Margaret Triggs Peale
11 Argus

Key to Charles Willson Peale's 1806 Family Portrait

1 Artist Charles Willson Peale

2 Wife Hannah Moore Peale

3 Daughter-in-law Harriet Cany Peale wife of Rembrandt

4 Son Rembrandt Peale

5 Daughter Sophonisba Peale Sellers

6 Son-in-law Coleman Sellers

7 Daughter Sybilla Miriam Peale

8 Son Rubens Peale

9 Daughter Elizabeth DePeyster Peale

10 Daughter-in-law Martha McGlather Peale wife of Raphaelle

11 Son Raphaelle Peale